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Exosomes - Extracellular Vesicles for Immunomodulating Response - Medical / Health Care
Downregulating the immune response is necessary for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this aspect, the APO2L/TRAIL ligand is a key intermediate in immune cascades and is secreted in exosomes in natural conditions. Its alteration has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The administration of synthetic exosomes decorated with APO2L/TRAIL has been shown to be effective in reducing the hyperplasia and overall inflammation in this disease.
In the opposite case, cancer, it is necessary to bring the developed auto-tolerance down. APO2L/TRAIL also shows anticarcinogenic activity by inducing apoptosis in tumoral cells through the activation of the caspase-3. Additionally, exosomes derived from dendritic cells, exert a great power over the activation of T cell responses. Synthetic or engineered exosomes can mimic the dendritic cell exosomes by incorporating complexes of MHC Class I peptides and other T-cell receptors.