cancer risk Articles
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Data and literature gathering in chemical cancer risk assessment
In recent years, chemical cancer risk assessment has faced major challenges: the demand for cancer risk assessment has grown considerably with strict legislation regarding chemical safety, whereas cancer hazard identification has turned increasingly complex due to the rapid development and high publication rate in biomedical sciences. Thus, much of the scientific evidence required for hazard ...
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Evaluation of the dose and of the risk of cancer induction associated with the use of transmission X–ray body scanners using the Monte Carlo MCNPX code
In recent years, X–ray body scanners have been introduced at airports, penitentiaries and other places with considerable movement of people in order to combat drug trafficking, the entry of illegal materials and terrorism. However, although the application of this equipment in the national security area is indeed relevant, its use has caused a great deal of controversy, especially with regard to ...
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Institutional trust, information processing and perception of environmental cancer risk
This paper examines how institutional trust affects the way in which people process information and perceive risk. Data come from a study of risk perception in the circumstance of US state health department investigations of suspected cancer clusters, with 30 cases examined (n = 1,111). Trust is assessed for three information sources: state health departments, civic groups and industries involved ...
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Environmental Policies to Reduce Cancer Risk
Untitled Document Cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death in the United States, behind heart diseases. The lifetime risk of contracting cancer is roughly 1 in 3 for women and 1 in 2 for men. It is therefore not surprising that U.S. legislators and policy-makers continue to seek avenues for addressing cancer risks attributable to environmental ...
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Derivation of low-dose extrapolation factors from analysis of curvature in the cancer incidence dose response in Japanese A-bomb survivors
The derivation of cancer risks after low-dose and low-dose-rate exposure to ionising radiation is critical to the setting of standards for radiological protection. In extrapolating cancer risks observed in groups exposed at a high dose-rate such as the Japanese A-bomb survivors, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends application of a Dose and Dose-Rate ...
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Czech studies of lung cancer risk from radon
Epidemiological evidence of lung cancer risk from radon is based mainly on studies of men employed underground in mines. One such study among uranium miners was established in 1970 by Josef Sevc. During the 1980s, another occupational study followed. In 1989, Sevc designed a new large cohort study among inhabitants exposed to high radon concentrations in homes. The paper reports recent results ...
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Cancer incidence in areas with elevated levels of natural radiation
It has been reported that on reaching a certain level of cell damage the production of repair enzymes is triggered which decreases the chromosome aberrations. If this happens, prolonged exposure to high levels of natural radiation in areas with elevated levels of background radiation could decrease the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Recent epidemiological studies indicated that there is an ...
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Dose and risk evaluation in thoracic radiology using male and female voxel phantoms
Thoracic radiology is of great concern because of its routine nature. It is important to avoid conditions where the amount of radiation used is more than that needed for the procedure. The purpose of this work is to use the Monte Carlo code MCNPX and the Female Adult voxel (FAX) and Male Adult voxel (MAX) phantoms to investigate how the effective doses, absorbed doses to organs and risk of cancer ...
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Bone cancer risk in mice exposed to 224Ra: protraction effects from promotion
This paper analyzes data for the osteosarcoma incidence in life-time experiments of 224Ra injected mice with respect to the importance of initiating and promoting action of ionizing high LET-radiation. This was done with the biologically motivated two step clonal expansion (TSCE) model of tumor induction. Experimentally derived osteosarcoma incidence in 1,194 mice following exposure to 224Ra with ...
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Analysis of breast cancer in the Massachusetts TB fluoroscopy cohort and in the Japanese A-bomb survivors, taking account of dosimetric error and curvature in the A-bomb dose response: absence of evidence of reduction of risk following fractionated i
Breast cancer has occurred in excess among women exposed briefly to atomic bomb radiation and among those exposed repeatedly over many years to medical radiation for tuberculosis (TB). The breast cancer excess is strongly dependent on age at exposure, with risk highest among the young and small or non-existent when exposure occurs past the menopausal ages. The linear excess relative risk ...
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Cancer risk of petroleum workers and residents of oil communities
Increased risk of different cancer types in workers employed in petroleum industries and residents living in oil producing communities by Felix Onyije, Bayan Hosseini, Kayo Togawa, Joachim Schüz, and Ann Olsson Considerable health conditions are caused by environmental pollutants, including emissions from petroleum extraction and refining. They are major sources of environmental and ...
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Cost-Effectiveness of Urinary Biomarker Panel in Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment
Abstract Purpose: SelectMDx (MDxHealth®) is a panel of urinary biomarkers used in conjunction with traditional risk factors to individualize risk prediction for clinically significant prostate cancer. In this study we sought to characterize the effectiveness of SelectMDx in a population of American men with elevated prostate specific antigen. Materials and methods: We developed a ...
By MDxHealth
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Water- and wastewater-related disease and infection risks: what is an appropriate value for the maximum tolerable additional burden of disease?
The maximum additional burden of water- and wastewater-related disease of 10_6 disability-adjusted life year (DALY) loss per person per year (pppy), used in the WHO Drinking-water Quality Guidelines and the WHO Guidelines for Wastewater Use in Agriculture, is based on US EPA's acceptance of a 70-year lifetime waterborne cancer risk of 10_5 per person, equivalent to an annual risk of 1.4×10_7 per ...
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Risk analysis of thyroid cancer incidence after exposure in childhood in the most contaminated areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia in comparison with other studies
The current knowledge about thyroid cancer induction due to 131I exposures during childhood is limited. Due to the low incidences observed, it was assumed that 131I is less effective in cancer induction by a factor of 3, if compared to external exposures. An increase of the thyroid cancer incidence among children and adolescents from the south-eastern Belorussian, the northern Ukrainian, and the ...
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Gertsen Blinded Validation Project
Summary OTraces in collaboration with the Gertsen Institute in Moscow performed a blinded validation study on OTraces breast cancer detection products, the CDx Chemistry System for processing automated tests for detection of cancer; BC Sera Dx Immunochemistry test kit for the measurements of proteins that are predictive as a group of the presence on breast cancer in women; and the OTraces Cancer ...
By OTraces Inc.
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Risk score predicts high-grade prostate cancer in DNA-methylation positive, histopathologically negative biopsies
Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis is challenging because efforts for effective, timely treatment of men with significant cancer typically result in over-diagnosis and repeat biopsies. The presence or absence of epigenetic aberrations, more specifically DNA-methylation of GSTP1, RASSF1, and APC in histopathologically negative prostate core biopsies has resulted in an ...
By MDxHealth
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How does your Vaginal Microbiome Affect your Cancer Risk?
When you hear about the vaginal microbiome (VMB), your first thought may be the role it plays in stuff like yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis (BV). But with improved research, we’re uncovering more of the VMB’s long-term effects, like its role in a healthy pregnancy and delivery. The complex community of organisms living in your vagina even plays a part in your risk of ...
By Juno Bio
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A database of cancer induction by low-dose radiation in mammals: overview and initial observations
The lifespan studies of animals exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation with a view to determining the relationships between radiation dose and cancer incidence have been identified and corresponding publications have been reviewed. The information on experimental conditions and cancer incidence data in exposed and control animals have been entered into a database intended for a global ...
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WHO report on diesel fumes puts sharp focus on need for effective monitoring
The World Health Organisation this month reclassified the dangers of diesel exhaust fumes, upgrading the risk from probably carcinogenic to a definite cause of cancer. The WHO report is based on the findings of research on workers in high risk areas, and puts a sharp focus on the need for effective monitoring in industries such as mining, rail, transportation, construction, power generation and ...
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Non-cancer disease mortality and risk analysis among medical X-ray workers in China
The non-cancer disease mortality (1950-1995) among 27 011 medical diagnostic X-ray workers was compared to that of 25 782 other medical specialists employed between 1950 and 1980 to provide evidence of human non-cancer disease death produced by protracted and fractionated exposure to ionising radiation and assess the resultant non-cancer disease death risk. The total non-cancer disease mortality ...
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