cytokine signal Articles
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Cross talk between notch and growth factor/cytokine signaling pathways in neural stem cells
Precise control of proliferation and differentiation of multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) is crucial for proper development of the nervous system. Although signaling through the cell surface receptor Notch has been implicated in many aspects of neural development, its role in NSCs remains elusive. Here we examined how the Notch pathway cross talks with signaling for growth factors and ...
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Common Gamma Chain Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy
Cytokines-mediated signaling is a primary way of immune system communication. The common gamma-chain family of cytokines is a set of six cytokines that signal through the common cytokine γ chain receptor (γc/CD132/IL2RG). These cytokines include IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Besides the IL-2RG receptor subunit, the γc family cytokine receptors include IL-2RB ...
By Quartzy Inc.
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Cytokines: The Master Regulators of Immunity and Inflammation
Cytokines are a broad class of tiny proteins that are essential for controlling inflammation and immunological responses. Numerous cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immunological cells, and epithelial cells, produce these signaling molecules. Serving as intermediaries, they synchronize various cell functions to elicit the body's defense mechanisms against infections, tissue ...
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How a cytokine is chaperoned through the secretory pathway by complexing with its own receptor: lessons from interleukin-15 (il-15)/il-15 receptor
While it is well appreciated that receptors for secreted cytokines transmit ligand-induced signals, little is known about additional roles for cytokine receptor components in the control of ligand transport and secretion. Here, we show that interleukin-15 (IL-15) translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum occurs independently of the presence of IL-15 receptor (IL-15R). Subsequently, however, ...
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IL-2 and IL-2 Receptor Series: Pioneering Solutions for Immunotherapy Research
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a 15kDa secretory protein with a 4-alpha-helical bundle structure. As a T-cell related growth factor, IL-2 can enhance the killing activity of NK cells and promote B cells to produce immunoglobulins. In addition, it aids in the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby producing peripheral T cell immune tolerance, as well as regulating the proliferation and ...
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Understanding IL-36 Cytokines: Their Role & Potential in Treating Inflammatory Diseases
Introduction to IL-36 Family Twenty years ago, Interleukin 36 (IL-36) was discovered as a member of the IL-1 superfamily. Its gene is located on chromosome 2 in an IL gene cluster, including IL1A - IL1B - IL37 - IL36G - IL36A - IL36B - IL36RN - IL38 - IL1RN, with IL-36 encoding genes transcribed far away from the centromere. There are four known subtypes of IL-36, which have been renamed multiple ...
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Immunology and Machine Learning Online Symposium
The world's leading researchers joined Immunai’s second symposium dedicated to applications of Machine Learning (ML) in biology. The line-up of talks demonstrated innovative research taking place at the intersection of immunology and machine learning. ML is becoming an essential tool in every aspect of immunology. Our speakers shared their work on how they leveraged ML in their research, ...
By Immunai
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Application of Flow Cytometry in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Flow cytometry (FC) is an important tool for analyzing complex pathways and responses of single cells, which can track cell phenotypes and functions in multiple dimensions. It is also increasingly applied in drug development. FC not only can detect intracellular and extracellular components, but also detect soluble analytes in serum or plasma samples, such as cytokines, drug complexes, or ...
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The Crucial Role of Cytokines in Biomedical Research and Drug Development
Low Endotoxin Cytokines Matters Organoid culture, CAR-T cell therapy, stem cell therapy, and other topics have become broadly discussed among biomedical researchers. In fact, it is not difficult to see that these advanced technologies are all related to cell culture. In order to maintain efficient growth, proliferation, and differentiation during in vitro cell culture, many cell cultures require ...
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Cytokine Involvement in Inflammatory Immune Disorders
Cytokines, small molecules with potent biological activity, are primarily synthesized by immune and non-immune cells (e.g., vascular endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts) in response to stimulation. These signaling molecules form intricate networks that contribute to immune responses, inflammatory reactions, cell proliferation, and growth. Cytokine Dysregulation in Systemic Immune ...
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Based on Antibody Targeted Protein Degradation
In recent years, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTAC), which utilizes the cell's own degradation mechanisms to eliminate specific disease-related proteins, has emerged as one of the most promising methods. Apart from PROTAC, various targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies are emerging, involving molecular glue, Autophagy-Targeting Chimera (AUTEC), Autophagosome Tethering Compound ...
By BOC Sciences
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