immune cell Articles
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CADM: A New Generation of Tumor Suppressor Genes
About Tumor Suppressor Genes A tumor suppressor gene, also known as anti-onco gene, is an essential component of the body's defense against cancer. It usually facilitates apoptosis. With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its “brake” of cell proliferation. Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. Here are some key ...
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Cytokine Storms and Viral Infections
Cytokines are small soluble proteins that are secreted by immune cells and tissue cells to play a regulatory role between cells, including interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and so on. Cytokines function in autocrine, paracrine or endocrine forms, and can regulate cell growth and differentiation, modulate immune response ...
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Cytokines: The Master Regulators of Immunity and Inflammation
Cytokines are a broad class of tiny proteins that are essential for controlling inflammation and immunological responses. Numerous cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immunological cells, and epithelial cells, produce these signaling molecules. Serving as intermediaries, they synchronize various cell functions to elicit the body's defense mechanisms against infections, tissue ...
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Immune cells in Chernobyl radiation workers exposed to low dose irradiation
Immune response parameters were studied in Chernobyl radiation emergency workers exposed to low-dose irradiation during 1986–1989 and nuclear industry workers exposed under professional limits. Analysis was performed in irradiation dose limits of 250 and 100 mSv. The comparison group included participants of the clinical–epidemiological registry (n – 42,000) studied in the same time periods. The ...
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What Are the Cytokines?
Cytokines are a class of small molecule proteins secreted by cells that mediate and regulate immune processes, and they act in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner. More than 200 types of human cytokines have been identified, which can be generally classified into interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors, chemokines, growth factors, etc. according to ...
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The Role of Exosome RNA in Cancer
The Relationship Between Exosomes and Cancer Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles derived from intracellular lysosomes that shuttle a variety of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids and metabolites, and play a key role in regulating intercellular communication. Exosomes can be secreted by almost all types of cells, including immune cells, blood cells, neuronal cells, ...
By CD Genomics
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Cytokines: Characteristics, Applications, and Quantitative Analysis
Cytokines represent a class of small protein molecules that exhibit diverse biological activities. These molecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by immune cells (including monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and NK cells) as well as certain non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, and fibroblasts) upon specific stimulation. Cytokines play pivotal roles in ...
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Molecular biology of autoinflammatory diseases
The lengthy battle between people and varied bodily, chemical, and organic insults that trigger cell damage (e.g., merchandise of tissue harm, metabolites, and/or infections) have led to the evolution of assorted adaptive responses. These responses are triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), normally by cells ...
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The Crucial Role of Cytokines in Biomedical Research and Drug Development
Low Endotoxin Cytokines Matters Organoid culture, CAR-T cell therapy, stem cell therapy, and other topics have become broadly discussed among biomedical researchers. In fact, it is not difficult to see that these advanced technologies are all related to cell culture. In order to maintain efficient growth, proliferation, and differentiation during in vitro cell culture, many cell cultures require ...
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The enhancement of Th1 immunity and the suppression of tumour growth by low-dose γ-radiation
To address if the modulation of immunity balance by low dose radiation is involved in the enhancement of the anti-tumour function, we examined the effect of 0.5 Gy γ-irradiation on the Th1/Th2 immunity balance in Ehrlich Solid Tumour (EST)-bearing mice. Repeated 0.5 Gy γ-irradiation significantly delayed the growth of tumours. The cytotoxic activities of Natural Killer (NK) cells and Cytotoxic T ...
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Immune Strategies for Cancer Treatment
In the search for innovative and effective ways to target cancer, we are faced with more than just a challenging problem; we are faced with our own cells as opponents. Cancer cells evolve to achieve an optimum of physical fitness, giving them an array of abilities that no cell should possess in a healthy organism. One way to find novel therapies against cancer therefore could imply finding a ...
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Pooled Human Cryopreserved Hepatocytes
Hepatocytes are the chief functional cells of the liver, responsible for the selective uptake, metabolism and excretion of most drugs. Cells for use in plate cultures or suspension assays represent a key tool for predicting properties such as hepatotoxicity, metabolism, and potential drug-drug interactions. Since these cells mimic the properties of the liver, researchers can evaluate the ...
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ELISpot for measuring human immune responses to vaccines
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay is one of the most commonly used methods to measure antigen-specific T cells in both mice and humans. Some of the primary reasons for the popularity of the method are that ELISpot is highly quantitative, can measure a broad range of magnitudes of response and is capable of assessing critical cellular immune-related activities such as IFN-g ...
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Common Gamma Chain Cytokines in Cancer Immunotherapy
Cytokines-mediated signaling is a primary way of immune system communication. The common gamma-chain family of cytokines is a set of six cytokines that signal through the common cytokine γ chain receptor (γc/CD132/IL2RG). These cytokines include IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21. Besides the IL-2RG receptor subunit, the γc family cytokine receptors include IL-2RB ...
By Quartzy Inc.
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Ozette’s AI in the battle against Covid - Case study
Summary The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began in 2019 and rapidly scaled to a global presence of disease known as COVID-19. Despite the relatively fast implementation of testing and vaccination worldwide, the rise of emerging viral variants and breakthrough infections raises concerns that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to pose a global health threat. ...
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Antioxidant therapy and its stability on Chernobyl clean-up workers
This paper describes the effects of prolonged antioxidant therapy, its stability and association with spectral parameters of the fluorescent probe ABM in blood plasma and indices of albumin auto-fluorescence in Chernobyl clean-up workers from Latvia. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 received placebos of identical appearance to antioxidants. Group 2 received antioxidants (vitamin E + ...
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Intramuscular vaccination of mice with the human herpes simplex virus type-1(HSV-1) VC2 vaccine, but not its parental strain HSV-1 (F) confers full protection against lethal ocular HSV-1 (McKrae) pathogenesis
Abstract Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) can cause severe ocular infection and blindness. We have previously shown that the HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain is protective in mice and guinea pigs against genital herpes infection following vaginal challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of VC2 intramuscular vaccination in mice against herpetic keratitis following ocular ...
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Science: Blocking fibrin holds promise for the treatment of periodontal disease
In a new study, researchers from the National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) have found that blocking the function of a coagulation protein prevents bone loss caused by periodontal (gingival) disease in mice. According to animal and human data, they found that the accumulation of this clotting protein called fibrin triggers an excessive immune response that damages the gingiva ...
By Matexcel
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Cytokine Involvement in Inflammatory Immune Disorders
Cytokines, small molecules with potent biological activity, are primarily synthesized by immune and non-immune cells (e.g., vascular endothelial cells, epidermal cells, fibroblasts) in response to stimulation. These signaling molecules form intricate networks that contribute to immune responses, inflammatory reactions, cell proliferation, and growth. Cytokine Dysregulation in Systemic Immune ...
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Comparative In Vitro Toxicity of ENDS Aerosols: Impact on Macrophages
As the popularity of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) devices continues to rise, there is a growing need to understand their potential health effects, particularly on immune cells. In a recent study by Drs. Pinkston, Penn and Noel (2023), researchers investigated the comparative in vitro toxicity of ENDS aerosols, focusing on the impact on macrophages. This study specifically ...
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