in vitro test Articles
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Testing of a drug panel for effects on the gut microbiome using RapidAIM
MedBiome’s founders reported in Microbiome the development of the RapidAIM platform to screen compounds against individual microbiomes in vitro. They tested 43 compounds (including 4 antibiotics) against 5 individual microbiomes using the RapidAIM technology. The RapidAIM workflow provides insights into microbiome absolute abundance and functional responses to ...
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Tissue explant co‐culture model of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal‐liver axis of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a predictive tool for endocrine disruption
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) can impact the reproductive system by interfering with the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis. While in vitro testing methods have been developed to screen chemicals for endocrine disruption, extrapolation of in vitro response to in vivo action shows inconsistent accuracy. We describe here our tissue co‐culture of the fathead minnow (Pimephales ...
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Improved inactivation of nonenveloped enteric viruses and their surrogates by a novel alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the United States, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. This study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against ...
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Methods for Protein-Protein Interaction Research
Proteins are the most direct performers of biological functions. Although some proteins can accomplish their mission independently, most of them require the assistance of some chaperone molecules to complete the task together or form a complex before they can fully perform their functions. Therefore, understanding the interaction between protein and protein can help us better understand the ...
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EPA Mandates Skin Absorption Tests
On April 26, 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers and processors of 34 chemicals to conduct in vitro dermalabsorption-rate testing. OSHA has identified the data necessary for these chemicals and intends to use the data obtained under the rule to evaluate the need for 'skin ...
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Innovative technology of engineering magnetic DNA nanoparticles for gene therapy
The present research study is a novel innovation materials technology to engineer magnetic DNA nanoparticles for gene therapy and to enhance the localisation and gene expression of a plasmid DNA via magnetic DNA nanoparticles. Spermine (Sm) was chemically introduced to the hydroxyl groups of dextran, a polysaccharide, to obtain cationised dextran (dextran-Sm). When Fe2+ solution was added to the ...
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In Vitro Inhalation Testing: Revolutionizing Inhalation Product Safety
In the world of product safety and environmental health, assessing potential risks associated with inhalable products has always been a complex challenge. Commercial nebulizer applications, used for various purposes like disinfection and scenting, release potentially harmful aerosols into the air. Understanding the possible adverse acute inhalation effects of these aerosols is crucial for ...
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Endocrine disrupting effect of the UV filter benzophenone‐3 in zebrafish, Danio rerio
The chemical UV filter benzophenone‐3 (BP‐3) is suspected to be an endocrine disruptor based on results from in vitro and in vivo testing. However, studies including endpoints of endocrine adversity are lacking. The present study investigated the potential endocrine disrupting effects of BP‐3 in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in the Fish Sexual Development Test (OECD TG 234) and a 12 day adult male ...
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AI Designed Mutation Resistant Broad Neutralization Antibodies Against Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Strains based on A Digital Twin of COVID-19 - Case study
Introduction The emerging variants including Delta and Omicron may not retain activity with current available mAb products that were developed during the initial outbreak with the B.l strain. In this study, we have applied AI technologies in the computational design of broad neutralization antibodies against over 1300 different historical SARS-CoV-2 strains with very small computational cost. ...
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The role of chemical products at low doses in preventing the proliferation of bacteria in dental unit waterlines: the ICX® experience
In this study we evaluated (1) the efficacy of a protocol that combines hydrogen peroxide (shock treatment) and ICX® tablets (continuous treatment) for the control of microbial contamination in dental unit water lines, and (2) the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ICX® tablets on collection and wild strains isolated from dental chair output waters. To assess the treatment effectiveness, the ...
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Cytotoxicity of activated natural killer cells against pediatric solid tumors
Abstract Purpose: To develop new therapies for children with solid tumors, we tested the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells expanded by coculture with K562-mb15-41BBL cells. We sought to identify the most sensitive tumor subtypes, clarify the molecular interactions regulating cytotoxicity, and determine NK antitumor potential in vivo. Experimental design: We tested in vitro ...
By Nkarta, Inc.
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Integrin α5β1 regulates PP2A complex assembly through PDE4D in atherosclerosis
Abstract Fibronectin in the vascular wall promotes inflammatory activation of the endothelium during vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. These effects are mediated in part by fibronectin binding to integrin α5, which recruits and activates phosphodiesterase 4D5 (PDE4D5) by inducing its dephosphorylation on an inhibitory site, S651. Active PDE then hydrolyzes antiinflammatory cAMP to ...
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Enhancing Human Gut Tissue Models through Gene Editing
The variety of normal and diseased human tissues needed to perform comprehensive screening of drug candidates is a key resource for next-generation preclinical models, but obtaining these tissues is challenging. Gene editing enables Altis Biosystems to offer a diverse array of RepliGut® human gut models tailored for specific research programs. Many Challenges Around Accessing Tissues ...
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Development of a metabolic tracker for the real-time measurement of lipolysis from capillary blood - Case Study
Contexte Diet and physical activity are key drivers of an individual's health status, however there is no way to assess their effects individually and in real time. There are therefore many generic solutions that aim to fight overweight and promote well-being through diet and physical activity. However, all of the proposed solutions do not take into account the genetic and metabolic ...
By Inovarion
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Increasing the Efficiency of Drug Development with Preclinical Testing Using Human Intestinal Stem Cells
Due to a lack of robust in vivo gut models, animal studies are generally required to evaluate gut toxicity. However, these studies can be lengthy and expensive and may not accurately recapitulate the behavior of the human gastrointestinal tract. Drugs are thus often developed with undesired gut side effects that are not apparent until clinical trials. Organ-on-a-chip models are the closest ...
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The Role of MMP-3: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Potential
The MMP Family Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes belonging to the metzincin superfamily. There are 23 different types of secreted or membrane-anchored endopeptidases in the human body. MMPs are capable of degrading ECM proteins such as collagen, gelatin, laminin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, elastin, and proteoglycans. They were once considered regulators of the extracellular ...
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Introduction to AAV as a Gene Therapy Vector, Part 2
What are AAVs? and what makes them good candidates for gene therapy? Introduction In the first part of our three part series introducing AAV as a gene therapy vector, we talked about basic AAV vector biology. In this post, we’re going to take a step back to answer the question of “Why AAV?” and look at some opportunities in the AAV engineering space. Why AAV? Viral vectors ...
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Developing a Robust in Vitro Intestinal Model for Preclinical Candidate Screening of GI Toxicity
Gastrointestinal (GI) issues are common side effects of many drugs. Anticipating such side effects before clinical trials is limited by a lack of effective models for evaluating preclinical candidates for their potential to cause diarrhea, nausea, and other gut-related side effects. With its RepliGut® in vitro human intestinal model, Altis Biosystems is developing a system that could help ...
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Somatic and gastro‐intestinal in vivo biotransformation rates of hydrophobic chemicals in fish
To improve current bioaccumulation assessment methods, a methodology is developed, applied and investigated for measuring in vivo biotransformation rates of hydrophobic organic substances in the body (soma) and gastro‐intestinal tract of the fish. The method resembles the bioaccumulation OECD 305 dietary test but includes reference chemicals to determine both somatic and gastro‐intestinal ...
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The scientific basis for probiotic strains of Lactobacillus
The concept of using Lactobacillus species for disease treatment and prevention as well as health restoration and maintenance is not new. However, in recent times, there has been a renewal of interest in the use of probiotics (as distinct from antibiotics) (also termed biotherapeutic agents), driven in large part by consumers and the lay press. Probiotics have been used therapeutically to ...
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