radiology nuclear Articles
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EU normative framework and standards of radiological protection in medicine
This paper examines the normative framework of the European Union (EU) and member states in the field of radioprotection of individuals undergoing medical exposure, in the light of harmonisation on the basis of the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or EURATOM) directives and enforcement at the national level. It discusses to what extent medical standards in radioprotection vary in member ...
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Success Story: IRSN intensively uses Kartotrak for generation of precise maps
IRSN – the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety – is the French national public expert in nuclear and radiological hazards. IRSN uses Kartotrak weekly to produce maps of dose rates over the France. The organization has also implemented the software in emergency situations such as just after the disaster of Fukushima in Japan. This success story shows why IRSN ...
By Geovariances
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Differential perception of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism in Canada
As part of the Canadian national public survey of perceived chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) terrorism threat and preparedness, 1502 Canadians were recently interviewed by telephone. This paper presents a descriptive examination of perceptions of the occurrence of terrorist bombings and CBRN terrorism in Canada on a number of evaluative dimensions, including perceived ...
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The National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center modelling and decision-support system for radiological and nuclear emergency preparedness and response
This paper describes the tools and services provided by a national centre for modelling the environmental and health impacts of airborne hazardous materials. This centre can provide emergency decision support information within minutes for a wide range of radiological, nuclear, chemical, and biological hazards from fires, industrial and transportation accidents, radiation dispersal device ...
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Biological responses in low-dose range
Out of the wealth of biological responses a few have been selected for discussion, namely, those which point to sensitive cellular reactions with possible consequences, or, those which might be promising in occupational medicine as indicators of a possible burden to persons, radiological or nuclear workers, and which might be used in the future as a routine laboratory technique in assessment of ...
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Environmental radiological protection and nuclear law: from the protection of humans to the protection of the environment per se?
In recent decades, there has been a growing awareness that nuclear law needs to address the question of the effects of ionising radiation on the environment and on nature. This is the result of long debates among environmental ethicists on the intrinsic value of nature and non-human species, including the question of who or what has moral and legal standing. How are non-human species protected ...
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Combating nuclear terrorism in the age of nuclear renaissance: domestic implementation of international legal obligations in India
The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction has emerged as one of the topmost challenges of the 21st century. Because the threat of nuclear and radiological terrorism is of recent origin, the international nuclear regime built over the past half-century was considered quite inadequate to address these concerns. This prompted the international community to respond to this global security ...
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Decision support in nuclear and radiological emergency situations: Are we too focused on models and technology?
The last 20 years has seen enormous advances in mathematical modelling and computing techniques. In the aftermath of the Chernobyl Accident, many of these have been incorporated in Decision Support Systems (DSS) to aid nuclear emergency management. This paper reviews what has been achieved; but it also reflects on how the tools fit into emergency management processes and discusses whether too ...
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National system for prevention of nuclear and radiological terrorism in Lithuania
Minimisation of the threat posed by nuclear and radiological terrorism and mitigation of its impact is one of the most important tasks for any state. Prevention of the diversion of nuclear and radioactive material is related to a number of measures, which include the physical protection of the nuclear industry, readiness for investigation of the appropriate incidents and accidents, emergency ...
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European Commission international data and information exchange systems to assist EU Member States in case of radiological and nuclear emergencies
Shortly after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident the European Commission (EC) initiated various activities in order to make early notification and reliable radiological information available to the European Union (EU) Member States in case of nuclear accidents. The Radioactivity Environmental Monitoring (REM) group at the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) of the Joint ...
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Health effects 20 years after the Chernobyl accident
The Chernobyl accident was the worst catastrophe involving radiation to humans. Since then, it has unfortunately been providing a main cause of radio-anxiety. WHO suggested 4000 people could have died or could die in the future of emergency workers and residents of most contaminated areas while Greenpeace insisted that there would be 93,080 people in the world. Though the incidence of thyroid ...
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An assessment of the terrorist threat to use a nuclear or radiological device in an attack
This paper will discuss terrorism from the perspective of a terrorist organisation acquiring nuclear material to build weapons and how security of radiological material world wide will minimise the risk of such devices being used. It will discuss the need to improve security at nuclear waste processing and storage sites and the adequacy of current security. It will also discuss the phenomenon of ...
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Status of laws related to physical protection and radiological emergency in the Republic of Korea
Laws related to atomic energy of the Republic of Korea, which were quite simple at the nascent stage, have been diversified in accordance with the expansion of the nuclear industry and growing public needs. As part of the efforts by the government to address public concerns about nuclear safety, the Act for Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency was enacted to enhance the capabilities to ...
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How much do animal models play a role in drug development?
Published by Vijay K Singh and Thomas M Seed on September 3, 2021, in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery and deals with the necessity of animal models for modern drug research in the direction of animal strains, animal models, requirements, and pathways for developing new drugs. The use of experimental animal models in drug development aids in the understanding of disease and/or related conditions' ...
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Aerial radiological systems, measurements and analysis
This document describes data collection systems and procedures used by the US Department of Energy Aerial Measuring System (AMS) in response to a radiological emergency. The discussion is split into two parts: (1) those systems used on the fixed-wing aircraft and (2) those systems used on the helicopters. This split is principally caused by the final use of the data from each system. The ...
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The significance of thyroid cancer in reactor safety assessment
The risk of thyroid cancer from reactor accidents has long been a salient factor in the analysis of nuclear reactor safety. This risk arises largely from the abundance of iodine-131 in the fission product inventory. Iodine disperses widely if released into the atmosphere and could enter the human food-chain, particularly through consumption of contaminated cows' milk. Iodine entering the human ...
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