radiotherapy Articles
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The contribution of communication between irradiated cells and between bystander cells to clonogenic survival and genomic instability
Genomic instability is observed during tumorigenic progression, in a fraction of the progeny of cells surviving irradiation, and also in unirradiated, bystander cells. It is unclear whether communication between irradiated cells themselves, or bystander cells themselves contributes to the observed effect. Herein, we restricted communication between cells by plating human lymphoblasts at low ...
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Gold nanoparticles as a sensitising agent in external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy: a feasibility study through Monte Carlo simulation
In recent years, gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been proposed as sensitising agents in radiotherapy. Several studies, performed both through Monte Carlo simulation of dosimetric and microdosimetric enhancement in presence of GNPs and through in–vitro experiments, have clearly shown the powerfulness of such a technique in radiotherapy. Aim of the present work is to estimate the dose enhancement ...
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Commissioning of an ultra-high dose rate pulsed electron beam medical LINAC for FLASH RT preclinical animal experiments and future clinical human protocols - Case Study
Purpose To present the acceptance and the commissioning, to define the reference dose, and to prepare the reference data for a quality assessment (QA) program of an ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron device in order to validate it for preclinical animal FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) experiments and for FLASH RT clinical human protocols. ...
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Preparation of human serum albumin nanospheres labelled with 188Re
The aim of this paper is to present a method for the labelling human albumin nanospheres with the short lived beta emitter 188Re. In this method stannous chloride is used as reducing agent and potassium sodium tartrate as transchelation agent. Optimal parameters of the labelling reaction and also, the stability of the radiolabelled nanospheres were established. Under optimal reaction condition, ...
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Advancing Cancer Treatments with ALZET Osmotic Pumps
The research summarized in this whitepaper provides a number of examples of how ALZET® pumps offer a superior pre-clinical drug dosing option for the delivery of a wide array of anti-cancer agents, including small molecules, immunotherapies, radiotherapies, combination treatments, and novel drug entities. This whitepaper also explores how ALZET® pumps have been used to successfully test ...
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Low doses of γ–radiation induce consistent protein expression changes in human leukocytes
Twenty percent of cancer patients experience adverse effects after radiotherapy. The therapeutic doses are adjusted to the most sensitive individuals, resulting in a suboptimal dose for many patients. At present there is no screening system available to predict individual radiosensitivity. The main aim of this study is to investigate differences in protein expression pathways induced by low doses ...
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Labelling of albumin microspheres with 188Re: a possible agent for radiotherapy
Regional administration of labelled particles by intra-arterial infusion is an effective method for endoradiotherapy of tumours. The goal of the study was to develop an efficient method for radiolabelling of biodegradable human serum albumin microspheres with the beta emitter 188Re. The influence of different factors, as the reagents concentration, temperature, time, etc., on reaction yield was ...
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New trends in the management of late radiation morbidity
Currently, no reliable methods and no suitable marker profile exist that could predict radiosensitivity in patients. This paper describes the irradiation response of lymphocytes, fibroblasts and tumour biopsies cultured in vitro, clonogenic survival at 2 Gy (SF2), chromosomal aberrations, and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis. The results, and other accumulating evidence, strongly suggest that ...
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Defining Oncology and Aging
Cancer survival rates decrease with age, in part because the efficacy of cancer therapies declines in older individuals. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy wreak havoc on the immune system, kill both healthy and cancerous cells alike and cause a buildup of cellular waste in the tissue. This residual waste needs to be either removed from the body or efficiently restored to its original ...
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Self-Shielding for the ZAP-X: Revised Characterization and Evaluation
Abstract The ZAP-X® is a newly designed, self-contained, and first-of-its-kind self-shielded therapeutic radiationtherapy device dedicated to brain and head and neck stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). By using an S-bandlinear accelerator (linac) and employing integrated minimal but sufficient shielding, the ZAP-X does nottypically require a radiation bunker. At the same time, the self-shielded ...
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Expression Genomics of Cervical Cancer: Molecular Classification and Prediction of Radiotherapy Response by DNA Microarray
Purpose The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are declining in the United States; however, worldwide, cervical cancer is still one of the leading causes of death in women, second only to breast cancer. This disparity is at least partially explained by the absence of or comparatively ineffective screening programs in the developing world. Recent advances in expression genomics have ...
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The development of an anthropomorphic and anthropometric thorax female phantom for experimental radiodosimentry
Anthropomorphic-anthropometrical phantoms are simulator objects for measuring absorbed dose in conditions equivalent to those found in the exposure of the internal organs to charged particles, photons or neutrons generated by external beams or to internal intake of radioisotopes. This paper addresses the construction of an anatomical simulator that retains the anthropomorphic and anthropometrical ...
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Intracranial Neoplasms: The Evolution of Radiotherapies
CURRENT STANDARD OF CARE FOR BRAIN TUMORS The current initial standard of care for aggressive brain tumors—whether they are primary brain tumors (ie, tumors that originate in the brain), or metastatic tumors from cancers that started outside of the brain—is resection. After surgery, a follow-up treatment, also referred to as adjuvant treatment, is often recommended to help eliminate ...
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Recent developments in therapeutic applications of atomic and nuclear radiations
In recent years, the major 'challenge' of radiation treatment is to deliver large enough doses to the most resistant cancer cells to provide a high probability of local control while minimising the dose to normal tissues and hence reducing complications. With recent developments in 'imaging' the metabolic or functional status of cancers, the position of tumours relative to surrounding normal ...
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Reactive oxygen species regulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 differentially in cancer and ischemia
In exercise, as well as cancer and ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) transcriptionally activates hundreds of genes vital for cell homeostasis and angiogenesis. While potentially beneficial in ischemia, upregulation of the HIF1 transcription factor has been linked to inflammation, poor prognosis in many cancers, and decreased susceptibility of tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ...
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Reactive oxygen species regulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 differentially in cancer and ischemia
In exercise, as well as cancer and ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) transcriptionally activates hundreds of genes vital for cell homeostasis and angiogenesis. While potentially beneficial in ischemia, upregulation of the HIF1 transcription factor has been linked to inflammation, poor prognosis in many cancers, and decreased susceptibility of tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ...
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Development of an in vivo assay for detection of non-targeted radiation effects
An adaptive response may be defined as the effect of a small priming dose of radiation modifying the anticipated cellular response of the same tissues so as to alter the predicted response to a larger dose of radiation. We and many others have demonstrated that at low radiation doses (less than 0.5 Gy) the lethal and mutational effect of the radiation is mainly, possibly entirely, due to the ...
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An in vitro evidence for caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and trans cinnamic acid as a skin protectant against γ-radiation
Ionising radiation (γ or X-rays) is the mandatory tool to treat cancer despite its detrimental effects in particular on skin cells which lead to severe dermatological diseases and carcinogenesis. Natural antioxidants caffeic acid (CA), rosmarinic acid (RA), trans cinnamic acid (TCA), p -coumaric acid (PCA), and hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPA) acid are known to be potent anticancer and ...
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Institute of Cancer Research Makes Groundbreaking Treatment Discoveries With NM30LA - Case Study
The Institute of Cancer Research or ICR, is a world leading institution in cancer gene discovery, cancer drugs and innovations in radiotherapy. With the help of Peak's NM30LA gas generator ICR have managed to streamline their workflow. Name: Amin Mirza Job title: Head of Structural Chemistry Company: Institute of Cancer Research Location: London, UK One of ICR’s main priorities is to ...
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GammaTile Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy (STaRT) Improving Access to Brain Tumor Care without Compromising Outcomes
ABSTRACT Patients with brain tumors face enormous challenges after diagnosis. Many of these challenges are amplified by issues related to access to care.1‒4 Studies suggest that patients with cancer who live farther from radiation treatment centers have poorer clinical outcomes. In addition, minorities are more likely to perceive longer travel distances as a barrier, which may cause them ...
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