swelling Articles
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The Toluene and Wax-Freezing Method of Determining Volumetric Free Swell
Swelling clay and rock are a common problem worldwide, and for design purposes it is necessary to quantify the free-swell behaviour of such material. A technique to measure the volumetric free swell of a swelling clay (called the toluene and wax-freezing volumetric free-swell method) is suggested here and consists of two approaches to measuring the volume of a specimen at different moisture ...
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Modified Free Swell Index for Clays
Free swell tests are commonly used for identifying expansive clays and to predict the swelling potential. The method as proposed by Holtz and Gibbs suffers from inaccuracies in volume measurement of dry powder in air. In this paper, a nondimensional modified free swell index is proposed, which removes the uncertainties present in the Holtz and Gibbs method. The modified free swell index is shown ...
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Swelling/Shrinkage Characteristic Curve of Desiccated Expansive Clays
The change in void ratio with change in water content of expansive clayey soils due to soil desiccation and water absorption has been identified as the integral/combined curve referred to as S-curve, which describes both swelling and shrinkage paths in the form of the void ratio versus moisture content relationship.General characteristics of the S-curve and its determination procedure are ...
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A Scientific Basis for the Use of Index Tests in Identification of Expansive Soils
The paper examines the scientific basis in the use of index properties, such as liquid limit, plasticity index, and activity, for estimating expansivities of natural kaolinitic and montmorillonitic soils by consideration of the fundamental mechanisms governing the soil swelling and plasticity characteristics. Results showed that the physicochemical mechanisms governing the swelling ability and ...
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Numerical studies on the effects of water presence in the coal matrix and coal shrinkage and swelling phenomena on CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery process
Conventional coalbed methane (CBM) models are developed using dual-porosity, single-permeability domain characteristics, which ignore the effects of water presence in the coal matrix. Neglecting these effects typically over-predicts gas production. Another phenomenon often disregarded in most CBM models is the coal shrinkage and swelling effects, which cause changes in coal permeability. This ...
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Swell Potential Versus Overburden Pressure
Data were collected and reviewed pertaining to one-dimensional vertical free-swell tests performed on existing fill soils from various projects located in Southern California. The purpose of reviewing the data was to evaluate the effect of overburden pressure on the swelling potential of expansive soils. The swell tests were performed on relatively undisturbed specimens at the in-place moisture ...
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Prediction of Expansion Degree for Natural Compacted Clays
This paper presents a laboratory study aimed at developing a reliable method to predict the expansion degree of clays. The work herein is intended to complement, not replace, existing research in this area. Utilizing test data for 128 natural soils, a regression analysis was performed to assess the use of the liquid limit, the plasticity index, the percent clay, the percent colloids, and activity ...
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Development of a coal shrinkage?swelling model accounting for water content in the micropores
Changes in cleat permeability of coal seams are influenced by internal stress, and release or adsorption of gas in the coal matrix during production/injection processes. Coal shrinkage?swelling models have been proposed to quantify such changes; however none of the existing models incorporates the effect of the presence of water in the micropores on the gas sorption of coalbeds. This paper ...
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An icy fall leads to immediate arm swelling, pain. Let’s diagnose
A 42-year-old man presented to the doctor with complaints of pain and swelling on his elbow and wrist and decreased range of motion after a fall onto his outstretched right arm. The patient recounted that he slipped and fell onto the icy pavement while shoveling his driveway earlier that day, after which he felt immediate swelling and pain on his right arm. On examination, there was elbow ...
By VisualDx
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Numerical studies on the effects of water presence in the coal matrix and coal shrinkage and swelling phenomena on CO2-enhanced coalbed methane recovery process
Conventional coalbed methane (CBM) models are developed using dualporosity, singlepermeability domain characteristics, which ignore the effects of water presence in the coal matrix. Neglecting these effects typically overpredicts gas production. Another phenomenon often disregarded in most CBM models is the coal shrinkage and swelling effects, which cause changes in coal permeability. This ...
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Swelling Pressure Behavior Under Controlled Suction
An experimental study has been conducted to study the swelling pressure behavior of expansive soil in both vertical and lateral directions simultaneously under controlled suction. A series of one-dimensional consolidation tests was carried out on compacted soil specimen using a newly developed oedometer with devices for controlling suction and measuring lateral pressure. The test results show ...
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Horizontal and Vertical Swell Pressures from a Triaxial Test: Feasibility Study
Horizontal and vertical swell pressures of some anisotropic undistrubed soil specimens are measured in a double chamber triaxial cell. The equipment is also capable of measuring consolidation and strength parameters of the soil. Preliminary test results indicate no difference in swell pressure between vertical and horizontal orientations of the specimen when subject to no volume ...
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Hydrogel-swelling driven delivery device for corrosion resistance of metal in water
Corrosion on steel and copper pipes in industry can trigger pollution and weakness due to undesired chemical and biochemical reactions. Too much or too little inhibitor can decrease its efficiency, even causing waste and pollution. In this contribution, an innovative delivery device driven by hydrogel swelling, mainly consisting of a semi-permeable membrane, a hydrogel-swelling force drive ...
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Determination of Swell Potential of Al-Qatif Clay
Knowledge of the swell potential of expansive soil at the outset of an investigation can be helpful in avoiding possible damage to the structure. A review is presented of several methods that have been proposed to identify swell potential and test techniques, which are used to quantify the amount of swell. A site investigation was conducted to obtain hand-carved block specimens from a fresh ...
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Prediction of Potential Heave of Swelling Soil
Methods of characterizing swell behavior and predicting total potential heave of foundation soils were compared with field measurements for three test sections. The methods used included nine empirical procedures, three types of consolidometer tests, and a thermocouple psychrometric soil suction method. It was found that simple classification tests can provide reasonable estimates of field ...
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Removal of acidic indigo carmine textile dye from aqueous solutions using radiation induced cationic hydrogels
This study examined the removal of acidic indigo carmine dyes from aqueous solutions using cationic hydrogels. Irradiated hydrogels were investigated as a new sorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution. Poly(N,N-Diethylamino ethyl methacrylate) [poly(DEAEMA)] hydrogels were prepared by radiation polymerisation of N,N-diethylamino ethyl methacrylate [DEAEMA] monomer in the presence of ...
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The Advantages of Exenatide Microneedle Patch Preparation Technology
The backing layer is prepared with the same polymer solution as the needle tip, and polyvinyl alcohol is used as the backing film-forming material to support the microneedle fractions, so that the backing layer has a tight bond with the microneedle tip, and the backing film and the needle tip can be consistently detached from the mold when the film is uncovered, without the problem of process ...
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Coupled Heat and Moisture Flow in Unsaturated Swelling Clay Barriers
The main thermodynamic forces active in the near field of a nuclear fuel waste multiple barrier system during the unsaturated stage are the gradients of temperature, fluid pressure, and chemical potentials. The processes that have a direct impact on the transport mechanism of heat and moisture within the clay-based compacted buffer material are coupled. The major problems in describing coupled ...
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Mechanism of Action (MOA) of Disintegrant Excipients in Drug Formulation
Disintegration is an early way to evaluate whether a drug is effective. The disintegration time is an important control index for tablets, capsules, and dripping pills. Disintegration means that the solid preparation disintegrates and dissolves or breaks into granules under specified conditions. Except for insoluble coating materials or broken capsule shells, all solid preparations should pass ...
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A Brief Introduction to Non-Functional Excipients
Excipients are the general term for all materials in the prescription except the main active ingredients, such as binders, disintegrants, lubricants, fillers, etc. The choice of excipients for oral solid preparations is affected by factors such as the pharmacological and chemical properties of the raw materials, the preparation process and the price of excipients. There are non-functional ...
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