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The Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) pathway plays an important role in double strand break, which is the major cause of cancer development. It has been demonstrated that loss of function of HRR genes (e.g. BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2) and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) will cause a higher risk of developing cancer, and patients with HRR gene mutations showed higher response to PARPi and platinum-containing therapies.

The novel coronaviruses belong to the p genus. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infectious disease. People are generally susceptible. Currently, the patients infected by the novel coronavirus are the main source of infection; asymptomatic infected people can also be an infectious source. Based on the current epidemiological investigation, the incubation period is 1 to 14 days, mostly 3 to 7 days. The main manifestations include fever, fatigue and dry cough. Nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, myalgia and diarrhea are found in a few cases.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor, and 80~85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are many driver mutations in NSCLC. The frequency of mutations in NSCLC for EGFR, HER2, KRAS and BRAF genes are respectively 10-50%, 1-4%, 5-25% and 1-2%. About 3-7%, 1%, 1%, 0.12%, 0.02%, 0.08% of NSCLC patients have gene fusions in ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 genes, and approximately 1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients harbor MET exon 14 skipping mutations. Targeted therapies have been developed and approved for use in patients whose tumors have some of the genomic alterations seen in NSCLC. For instance, there are approved EGFR inhibitors, ALK inhibitors, ROS1 inhibitors, NTRK inhibitors and BRAF inhibitors for patients with specific genomic alterations in these genes.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor, and 80~85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). There are many driver mutations in NSCLC. The frequency of mutations in patients with NSCLC for the EGFR gene is 10~35%, for KRAS 15?25%, for BRAF1-4%, for NRAS is 1%, for HER2 2-4%, and for PIK3CA 1-3%. About 3-7% of NSCLC patients have gene fusion in ALK, 2% in ROS1, and 1% in RET. A large amount of clinical studies showed that gene mutation status is important efficacy predictor for targeted therapy.

The phosphoinositide-3 -kinase catalytic alpha (PIK3CA) gene produces the p110 alpha (pl 10a) protein, which is one subunit of an enzyme called phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). PI3K plays a key role ofPI3K/Akt signaling pathway in numerous cellular processes critical for cancer progression, including metabolism, growth, survival, and motility. Somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene are found in many types of cancer, including approximately 40% of patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. PIK3CA mutations in which lead to Activation of the PI3K pathway in breast cancer have been typically associated with resistance to endocrine therapy and poor prognosis. The clinical studies demonstrate that PI3K inhibitors has shown significantly high response rate in patients with PIK3CA-mutated breast cancer.