Mitochondria Articles
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Unveiling the Intricacies of DNM1L: Function, Associated Diseases, and Inheritance Patterns
Introduction The human body is a complex network of genes and proteins, each playing a crucial role in maintaining our health. One such gene, DNM1L, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its vital functions and its association with various diseases. In this blog post, we will delve into the world of DNM1L, exploring its function, the diseases it is linked to, and the ...
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In Vitro Inhalation Testing: Revolutionizing Inhalation Product Safety
In the world of product safety and environmental health, assessing potential risks associated with inhalable products has always been a complex challenge. Commercial nebulizer applications, used for various purposes like disinfection and scenting, release potentially harmful aerosols into the air. Understanding the possible adverse acute inhalation effects of these aerosols is crucial for ...
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AMPK Signaling Pathway and Function
AMPK (Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase), as an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis, is one of the central regulators of eukaryotic cell and organism metabolism. It is responsible for regulating cellular capacity input and output and maintaining the smooth functioning of cellular physiological activities. AMPK is also a key protein involved in various signaling ...
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Advanced Proximity Labeling Techniques
Proximity labeling techniques represent a cutting-edge approach wherein a decoy protein of interest is fused with an enzyme capable of indiscriminately labeling neighboring proteins. These labeled proteins are referred to as "prey" proteins. The field of protein labeling has witnessed significant advancements, prominently featuring proximity-tagging enzymes. Among these, Biotin-dependent biotin ...
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Cytochrome P450: A Vital Biosynthetic Enzymes for Drug Metabolism
Overview of Cytochrome P450 Cytochrome P450 (CYP450), is a family of hemoglobin-coupled monooxygenases. In mammals, CYP450 oxidizes steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics, playing an important role in the metabolism of various compounds as well as in the synthesis and breakdown of hormones. In plants, they regulate the synthesis of defense compounds, fatty acids, and hormones. With the progress ...
By BOC Sciences
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Novel Mechanism of Glycosylation Regulating Pancreatic Cancer Reveled
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor, and the five-year survival rate of patients after diagnosis is only about 10%. Changes in metabolism are one of the important features of tumor cells. Tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to generate the substances, energy, and redox forces required for their rapid proliferation. The proliferation of pancreatic ductal ...
By CD BioGlyco.
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Mitochondrial Proteins
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with bilayer membranes. Mitochondria have multiple functions, not only providing energy to cells through oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP, but also involved in regulating processes such as calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cellular stress response and cell death. Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular health ...
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Efficacy and Detection of Ceramide
Ceramides are composed of sphingosine analogs and long-chain fatty acids bound by amide bonds, and are the most important of the sphingolipid compounds. Ceramide is synthesized and secreted by lamellar vesicles, which together with cholesterol (25%) and free fatty acids (15%) constitute the intercellular lipids (ceramide 50%) involved in maintaining the skin barrier function. It also has various ...
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Mitochondrial Proteomics
Mitochondria are important organelles of eukaryotic cells and play a key role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, biosynthesis and cell death (including apoptosis and programmed cell necrosis). In addition, mitochondria are involved in important physiological processes such as tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation, and regulation of calcium ion homeostasis. ...
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Fatty Acids in Cancer
Fatty acids, along with glucose and amino acids, are the main source of energy for cell growth and proliferation. Abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism are commonly seen in cancer. A growing number of studies have shown that increased ab initio synthesis of fatty acids in tumor cells is a prominent feature in the development of cancer. And the activation of ab initio synthesis is negatively ...
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Lipidomics in Microbial Research
Lipids are a class of metabolites with diverse chemical structures. More than just components of cell membranes and energy storage substances, lipids can perform a variety of important biological functions in life activities. The structural diversity of lipids endows them with a variety of important biological functions: (1) they constitute an important component of the cell membrane. Many ...
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Cadmium inhibits the vitellogenesis of freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense
Cadmium (Cd) may pose risks to freshwater organisms, including crabs that live at the interface of sediments and water column all year round. One of the major changes that occur during oocyte maturation of crabs is the production of vitellin (Vn). In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd on oocyte size, Vn level, and vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression in the ovary of the ...
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Bisphenol A reduces fertilizing ability and motility by compromising mitochondrial function of sperm
Bisphenol A acts as an endocrine disruptor, affects animal reproductive success in vivo, and affects sperm functions in vitro at environmentally relevant concentrations leading to reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability in fish. The effect of in vitro BPA on avian sperm functions has not been explored. We tested the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA (0, 0.18, ...
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Hypothesising that salts of iodine, strontium and caesium reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation
Radiation accelerates ageing, producing telomere shortening, metabolic ageing, cell apoptosis, immunological decline, mitochondrial damage, free radical damage and oxidative stress. Salts of iodine, strontium and caesium may reverse ageing induced by nuclear radiation. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established that potassium iodide (KI) needs to be accessible to those within 50 miles ...
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Inhibition of apoptosome formation by suppression of hsp90β phosphorylation in tyrosine kinase-induced leukemias
Constitutively active tyrosine kinases promote leukemogenesis by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. However, mechanisms underlying apoptotic inhibition have not been fully elucidated. In many settings, apoptosis occurs by mitochondrial cytochrome c release, which nucleates the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosome. Here we report that the leukemogenic kinases, Bcr-Abl, FLT3/D835Y, and ...
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Pet191 is a cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor in saccharomyces cerevisiae
The twin-Cx9C motif protein Pet191 is essential for cytochrome c oxidase maturation. The motif Cys residues are functionally important and appear to be present in disulfide linkages within a large oligomeric complex associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane. The import of Pet191 differs from that of other twin-Cx9C motif class of proteins in being independent of the Mia40 ...
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Function of heterologous mycobacterium tuberculosis inha, a type 2 fatty acid synthase enzyme involved in extending c20 fatty acids to c60-to-c90 mycolic acids, during de novo lipoic acid synthesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae
We describe the physiological function of heterologously expressed Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA during de novo lipoic acid synthesis in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mitochondria. InhA, representing 2-trans-enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and the target for the front-line antituberculous drug isoniazid, is involved in the activity of dissociative type 2 fatty acid synthase (FASII) that ...
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Septins stabilize mitochondria in tetrahymena thermophila
We describe phylogenetic and functional studies of three septins in the free-living ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Both deletion and overproduction of septins led to vacuolization of mitochondria, destabilization of the nuclear envelope, and increased autophagy. All three green fluorescent protein-tagged septins localized to mitochondria. Specific septins localized to the outer mitochondrial ...
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Removal of oxidative dna damage via fen1-dependent long-patch base excision repair in human cell mitochondria
Repair of oxidative DNA damage in mitochondria was thought limited to short-patch base excision repair (SP-BER) replacing a single nucleotide. However, certain oxidative lesions cannot be processed by SP-BER. Here we report that 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL), a major type of oxidized abasic site, inhibits replication by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase and interferes with SP-BER by covalently ...
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Regulation of cancer by therapeutic vaccination and dietary bio-modulation involving organ-specific mitochondria
Cancer therapy should aim to prevent recurrent disease. Surgery and toxic treatments remove only symptoms associated with cancer without trying to intervene in the aetiology, therefore the disease may recur. The autologous cancer vaccine supplemented with bio-modulation might fulfil requirements for effective tumour therapy. The autologous tumour vaccine is formed in the same way as our bodily ...
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