Medical Specialties Articles
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A three‐generational study of in ovo exposure to PBDE‐99 in the zebra finch
Based on a literature review of avian data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), ecologically relevant doses, low (10 ng/egg), medium (100 ng/egg), and high (1,000 ng/egg) of the 2,2',4,4',5‐pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐99) congener along with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) control were injected into the yolk sac of un‐incubated eggs of zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata. Offspring development ...
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Morphological control of zinc oxide and application to cosmetics
Spherical particles of zinc oxide of 300–2000 nm in diameter were synthesised by soft solution reactions using zinc nitrate, ethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide and triethanolamine as starting materials. After dissolving these compounds in water, the solution was heated at 90°C for 1 h to form almost mono–dispersed spherical zinc oxide particles. The particle size changed depending ...
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Critical review on hospital surgical room and mechanical system designs
The design of HVAC systems for surgical operating rooms requires specific guidance for the design engineer in order to insure that thermal comfort and sepsis control are maintained at all times in order to protect the occupants of the room. Operating room ventilation has been through significant design improvements from the beginning of the 20th century until now. Researchers have found that the ...
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Numerical comparison of dispersion of human exhaled droplets under different ventilation methods
Stratum ventilation has been proposed to accommodate elevated room temperatures recommended by several governments in East Asia for energy saving. One key issue in evaluating the performance of stratum ventilation is whether this air distribution method performs significantly different in person to person infectious diseases transmissions. Particle dispersion in a classroom under mixing ...
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Pigeon Problem Overcome with OvoControl - Case Study
Memorial-Hermann in Northwest Houston is a 1,200 bed medical center. First constructed in the 1970s, it has been upgraded extensively and now includes a mix of more than a dozen structures, both old and new. The Pigeon Problem The hospital campus encompasses more than four city blocks with structures ranging from one to five stories. As in many parts of Houston, there was a high concentration ...
By Bird Barrier
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Seasonal variations in the risk of gastrointestinal illness on a tropical recreational beach
The objectives of this study were to examine the seasonal changes in the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) illness of beachgoers in the tropics, to compare the association between GI illness and water quality using various indicator organisms, and to study other beach health hazards. A prospective cohort study during two seasonal periods (summer and autumn) was conducted in a beach surrounded by ...
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Adhesion and survival of electrogenic cells on gold nanopillar array electrodes
Cell–electrode interfaces play a critical role in extracellular recording. Enlarging the electrode surface area with nanostructures yields higher signal–to–noise–ratios due to lower interface impedance. Adhesion and viability of various cell types on large–scale gold nanopillar electrodes to improve cell–electrode coupling were investigated. Cardiac muscle and human embryonic kidney cells ...
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Identification of a suitable sterilisation method for collagen derived from a marine Demosponge
Collagen is widely used as a biomedical material, and its importance is likely to grow as research and understanding progresses in this field. As a biomedical material, ensuring the sterility of collagen before use as, or incorporation into, a medical device is paramount. However, common sterilisation techniques can induce changes in the physical structure and protein chemistry of collagen, ...
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Hydrothermal synthesis of coccolith rich chalk to hydroxyapatite
Calcium carbonates originating from marine sources show unique pore structure and nano–architecture, offering potential in the field of hard tissue engineering. It is hypothesised that the use of naturally–sourced raw materials for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HA), as a component of a hard tissue constructs, enables enhanced bone remodelling due to the biomimetic physical–chemical ...
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Experimental exposure of eggs to polybrominated diphenyl ethers BDE‐47 and BDE‐99 in red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) and possible species‐specific differences in debromination
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a bioaccumulative, persistent, and toxic class of flame retardants that can potentially impact turtles in natural habitats via exposure through maternal transfer. To simulate maternal transfer in the present study, PBDE congeners BDE‐47 and BDE‐99 were topically applied to the eggshell and were allowed to diffuse into the egg contents of the red‐eared ...
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Innovative use of a bacterial enzyme involved in sialic acid degradation to initiate sialic acid biosynthesis in glycoengineered insect cells
Abstract The baculovirus/insect cell system is widely used for recombinant protein production, but it is suboptimal for recombinant glycoprotein production because it does not provide sialylation, which is an essential feature of many glycoprotein biologics. This problem has been addressed by metabolic engineering, which has extended endogenous insect cell N-glycosylation pathways and enabled ...
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Antibiotic resistance among autochthonous aquatic environmental bacteria
Antibiotics are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine and antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause problems in antibiotic therapy. The current study was conducted in the catchment area of the river Swist (Germany) and focuses on the resistance of environmental Rhodospirillaceae to antibiotics used in human medicine. The samples collected reflect different levels of human impact on the ...
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Impacts of pH-dependent metal speciation on the decomposition of triclosan by sulfate radicals
The presence of triclosan (TCS) in water resources has drawn significant attention due to its endocrine disruption potential. Sulfate radicals (SRs), generated particularly by the metal-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), have been proposed to effectively decompose TCS and many other pharmaceuticals and personal care products. In spite of its significance for understanding the ...
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Model evaluation of RIMPUFF within complex terrain using an 41Ar radiological dataset
The newly updated atmospheric dispersion model RIMPUFF is evaluated using routine releases of 41Ar from the former HIFAR research reactor located in Sydney, Australia. A large number of 41Ar measurements from a network of environmental gamma detectors are used to evaluate the model under a range of atmospheric stability conditions within the complex terrain area. Model sensitivity of input data ...
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Novel nanoplatform for oral delivery of anti–cancer biomacromolecules
Oral administration of bio–macromolecules is an uphill task and the challenges from varying pH and enzymatic activity are difficult to overcome. In this regard, nanotechnology promises the new hope and offers advantages such as controlled release, target specific delivery, combinatorial therapy and many more. In this study, we demonstrate the formulation of a novel alginate enclosed, chitosan ...
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Preparation and characterisation of 5–fluorouracil containing PLGA nanospheres coated with chitosan, for drug delivery
The aim of this study was to design a new Drug Delivery System (DDS) based on poly (lactide–co–glycolide) (PLGA) biodegradable nanospheres (NS) coated with Chitosan (CTS), in order to prolong its residence time and to deliver the nanoparticles more specifically to cancer cells. We have tried three methods of incorporation of Chitosan in the nanoparticles, but only one was efficient. The first ...
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Curcumin loaded organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticle; a novel agent for cancer therapy
Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and has a well established anticancer property. However poor aqueous solubility is a major hindrance for its bioavailability and therapeutic use. Nanoparticle based system can be developed to overcome this problem. Present study has been undertaken with curcumin loaded organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) ...
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Augmentation of anti–tumour activity of cisplatin by pectin nano–conjugates in B–16 mouse model: pharmacokinetics and in–vivo biodistribution of radio–labelled, hydrophilic nano–conjugates
Nanoconjugates have matured from simple devices to multifunctional, biodegradable, non–toxic and non–immunogenic constructs, capable of delivering synergistically functioning drugs in vivo. The present study evaluates the efficacy of drug polymer self folding nano–conjugates of pectin–cisplatin to enhance blood circulating levels of cisplatin. Physical characterisation was done by DLS, zeta ...
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Neutral atom beam technique enhances bioactivity of PEEK
Abstract Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is currently gaining popularity in orthopedic and spinal applications but has potential drawbacks in use. PEEK is biocompatible, similar in elasticity to bone, and radiolucent; however, it has been shown to be inert and does not integrate well with bone. Recent efforts have focused on increasing the bioactivity of PEEK by modifying the surface to improve the ...
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Influence of carbon and lipid sources on variation of mercury and other trace elements in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
In the present study, the authors investigated the influence of carbon and lipid sources on regional differences in liver trace element (As, Cd, Cu, total Hg, Mn, Pb, Rb, Se, and Zn) concentrations measured in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) (n = 121) from 10 Alaskan, Canadian Arctic, and East Greenland subpopulations. Carbon and lipid sources were assessed using δ13C in muscle tissue and fatty ...
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