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Chloroquine dihydrochloride

MCE China：Chloroquine dihydrochloride

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-17589B

CAS：3545-67-3

Purity：99.10%

Storage：4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine dihydrochloride is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).

In Vitro：Chloroquine dihydrochloride (20 μM) inhibits IL-12p70 release and reduces Th1-priming capacity of activated human monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells (MoLC). Chloroquine dihydrochloride (20 μM) enhances IL-1–induced IL-23 secretion in MoLC and subsequently increases IL-17A release by primed CD4+ T cells[1]. Chloroquine dihydrochloride (25 μM) suppresses MMP-9 mRNA expression in normoxia and hypoxia in parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Chloroquine dihydrochloride has cell-, dose- and hypoxia-dependent effects on MMP-2, MMP-9 and MMP-13 mRNA expression[2]. TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or Chloroquine dihydrochloride significantly reduces HuH7 cell proliferation in vitro[3]. Chloroquine dihydrochloride (0.01-100 μM; 48 hours) potently blocked virus infection (vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2) at low-micromolar concentration (EC50=1.13 μM). Chloroquine dihydrochloride blocks virus infection by increasing endosomal pH required for virus/cell fusion, as well as interfering with the glycosylation of cellular receptors of SARS-CoV[4].

In Vivo：Chloroquine dihydrochloride (80 mg/kg, i.p.) does not prevent the growth of the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells with high or low TLR9 expression levels in the orthotopic mouse model[2]. TLR7 and TLR9 inhibition using IRS-954 or Chloroquine dihydrochloride significantly inhibits tumour growth in the mouse xenograft model. HCC development in the DEN/NMOR rat model is also significantly inhibited by Chloroquine[3].

IC50 & Target：Plasmodium Malaria TLRs SARS-COV-2 HIV-1

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References：

[1]. Said A, et al. Chloroquine promotes IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells via p38-dependent IL-23 release by monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells. J Immunol. 2014 Dec 15;193(12):6135-43.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Tuomela J, et al. Chloroquine has tumor-inhibitory and tumor-promoting effects in triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 2013 Dec;6(6):1665-1672.  [Content Brief]

[3]. Mohamed FE, et al. Effect of toll-like receptor 7 and 9 targeted therapy to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2014 Jul 2. doi: 10.1111/liv.12626.  [Content Brief]

[4]. Colson P, et al. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55(4):105932.  [Content Brief]

[5]. Savarino A, et al. The anti-HIV-1 activity of chloroquine. J Clin Virol. 2001;20(3):131-135.  [Content Brief]