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Avutometinib

MCE China：Avutometinib

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-18652

CAS：946128-88-7

Synonyms：Ro 5126766; CH5126766

Purity：99.02%

Storage：Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：Avutometinib (Ro 5126766) is a first-in-class dual MEK/RAF inhibitor that allosterically inhibits BRAFV600E, CRAF, MEK, and BRAF (IC50: 8.2, 56, 160 nM, and 190 nM, respectively).

In Vitro：Avutometinib (Ro 5126766) is an allosteric inhibitor that binds directly to MEK and prevents its phosphorylation by RAF through the formation of a stable RAF-MEK complex. Ro 5126766 inhibits both the phosphorylation of MEK by RAF and the activation of ERK by MEK. In cell-free MEK and RAF kinase assays, Avutometinib effectively inhibits activation of ERK2 by MEK1 with an IC50 of 160 nM (SD=±0.043) and inhibits the phosphorylation of MEK1 protein by BRAF (IC50=190 nM, SD=±0.003), BRAFV600E (IC50=8.2 nM, SD=±0.0015), and CRAF (IC50=56 nM, SD=±0.016). Avutometinib effectively inhibits both MEK and ERK phosphorylation in a panel of human tumor cell lines including KRAS/HRAS and BRAF mutant cell lines and KRAS/HRAS and BRAF wild-type cells[1]. In order to investigate whether the mevalonate pathway affects the sensitivity to MEK inhibitors, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells harboring KRAS and BRAF mutations are treated Avutometinib, with or without statins, which inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. The combined treatment of Avutometinib with XU 62-320 demonstrates more significant reduction in cell growth in a dose-dependent manner than the single treatment of Avutometinib. The marked combined effects of Avutometinib at 40 nM and XU 62-320 at 0.3 μM is also confirmed on the suppression of the colony formation of the cells[2].

In Vivo：In KRAS-mutant xenograft models, Avutometinib (Ro 5126766) inhibits growth and causes tumor regressions more effectively than another allosteric MEK inhibitor, PD0325901. Preclinical data from a series of human tumor mouse xenograft models indicates an ED50 for Ro 5126766 of 0.03 to 0.23 mg/kg and an ED90 of 0.15 to 1.56 mg/kg. These effective doses are associated with target trough concentrations of 17 to 133 ng/L and 87 to 901 ng/mL, respectively. [1]. In this experiment, Avutometinib or PD0325901 is administrated at their maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in the HCT116 model (1.5 and 25 mg/kg, respectively). These doses inhibit pERK and ERK signaling output at similar degrees in the tumors from the drug-treated mice at 4 hours from the first drug administration. Moreover, in HCT116 models, the ED50 for Avutometinib and PD0325901 are 0.056 and 0.80 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the doses used for this experiment are 26.8- and 31.3-fold higher doses than the 50% effective doses, respectively. Daily oral administration of either drug causes significant tumor regression of each these tumors. However, whereas inhibition of tumor growth is maintained for the entire 28-day treatment period in Avutometinib-treated mice, tumor models receiving PD0325901 become refractory after 10 days of treatment[3].

Animal Administration：Mice[3] Female BALB-nu/nu mice (CAnN.Cg-Foxn1nu/CrlCrlj nu/nu) are given access to standard mouse chow and water ad libitum. A total of 5×106 (HCT116) or 1×107 (Calu-6 and COLO205) tumor cells per mouse are injected subcutaneously into the right flank of the 7- to 9-week-old mice. When tumor volume reaches to 200 mm3 (day 0), the mice are randomized and vehicle [5% DMSO and 10% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) solution in distilled water], Avutometinib (1.5 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg) or PD0325901 (25 mg/kg) is administered orally once a day. Drugs are administrated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) is calculated. The value of the 50% effective dose (ED50) for each compound is calculated[3].

Cell Assay：The number of viable cells is assessed with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cells, and human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells are seeded at a density of 2,000 cells per well in 96-well plates and incubated for 24 h, and then treated with Ro 5126766 (10, 20, 40, and 80 nM) for 72 h. After a further 4 h incubation with the kit reagent, the absorbance at 450 nm of the samples is measured using a multi-plate reader[2].

IC50 & Target：MEK 160 nM (IC50) BRafV600E 8.2 nM (IC50) Braf 190 nM (IC50) CRAF 56 nM (IC50)

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References：

[1]. Martinez-Garcia M, et al. First-in-human, phase I dose-escalation study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of RO5126766, a first-in-class dual MEK/RAF inhibitor in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4806-19.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Iizuka-Ohashi M, et al. Blockage of the mevalonate pathway overcomes the apoptotic resistance to MEK inhibitors with suppressing the activation of Akt in cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2018 Apr 13;9(28):19597-19612.  [Content Brief]

[3]. Ishii N, et al. Enhanced inhibition of ERK signaling by a novel allosteric MEK inhibitor, CH5126766, that suppresses feedback reactivation of RAF activity. Cancer Res. 2013 Jul 1;73(13):4050-4060.  [Content Brief]