Quidel - Campylobacter
From Immunoassays
Worldwide, Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, with 400-500 million cases of diarrhea each year.1 Infants in developing countries are at even greater risk, as are travelers to those countries.2 Campylobacter–associated gastroenteritis is estimated to affect nearly one million people a year in the U.S.3 In approximately 1 of 1000 cases, Campylobacter jejuni is closely linked to the subsequent development of Guillian-Barre Syndrome, an acute auto-immune paralysis.4 C. jejuni infection has also been associated with reactive arthritis in both children and adults.4,5 When individuals with severe symptoms of gastroenteritis seek medical help, the clinician is faced with multiple possible causes that can present with similar clinical features (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain) but that require very different, often conflicting, types of treatment.4
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For Campylobacter, the current standard for identification is bacterial culture followed by microscopic examination of the organisms.6 Although this traditional method is straightforward, it has two major limitations. First, pathogenic species of Campylobacter are microaerophilic or strictly anaerobic, so that exposure of culture or feces to environmental oxygen leads to death or inactivation of the bacteria.7,8 Thus, during transport or storage of specimens under aerobic conditions, the number of viable organisms can decrease, leading to potentially inaccurate culture results.9 Second, Campylobacter species are slow-growing, requiring from 48-72 hours before reaching a point where the culture can safely be reported as negative. Such delays can leave the clinician in a quandary and the patient with non-specific, ineffective, or even inappropriate treatment.
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