Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Services
Approximately 79 million Americans are infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), and approximately 14 million people will become newly infected each year. Some HPV types can cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer among women, penile cancer among men, and anal and some oropharyngeal cancers among both men and women. Other HPV types can cause genital warts among both sexes. Each year in the United States an estimated 26,000 new cancers attributable to HPV occur, 18,000 among females (of which 11,500 are cervical cancer) and 8,000 among males (of which 5,900 are oropharyngeal cancers).
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There are, however, two HPV vaccines available (Ga...
There are, however, two HPV vaccines available (Gardasil® and Cervarix®) which protect against the types of HPV infection that cause most cervical cancers (HPV types 16 and 18). Both vaccines should be given as a three-shot series. Clinical trials and post-licensure monitoring data show that both vaccines are safe.
How CDC Monitors HPV Vaccine Safety
How CDC Monitors HPV Vaccine Safety
Vaccines continue to be monitored for safety after they are licensed. Additionally, vaccine safety monitoring is of growing importance due to the development and use of new vaccines, expanded vaccine recommendations, and new global immunization initiatives. Following licensure, CDC and FDA primarily use three systems to monitor and evaluate the safety of vaccines, including HPV. These systems can detect rare adverse events that were not identified during pre-licensure clinical trials. The three systems are:
- The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) –an early warning public health system where people can report adverse health events following vaccination, that helps CDC and FDA detect possible new, unexpected, or increased trends in reported adverse events
- The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) –a collaboration between CDC and several healthcare organizations which uses de-identified health records to monitor and evaluate adverse events following vaccination
- The Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Project -a collaboration between CDC and several medical research centers in the United States to conduct research to understand how adverse events might be caused by vaccines
Vaccine safety surveillance and other vaccine safety activities help ensure that U.S. vaccines are held to very high standards of safety.
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