To develop expertise in research design and statistical analyses appropriate to clinical research. The content of the program can be defined in a number of ways: the purposes of research, research design concepts, data collection methods, and statistical or analytical methods. The program provides concepts and methods that relate to the purposes of clinical research, clinical epidemiology, clinical trials, program evaluation, and technology assessment. Research design concepts include the traditional approaches to the scientific method; the concepts of validity, reliability, causal relationships, role of randomization, standards for comparison, and sampling, as well as other recently developed methods of approaching decisions about research outcomes such as decision analysis and cost-utility analysis. The data collection methods deal with instrumentation, questionnaire construction, non reactive measures, survey techniques, qualitative data, measurement and standardization problems, concepts and criteria of normalcy, and disease and diagnostic criteria.