necrosis factor Articles
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Stap-2 negatively regulates both canonical and noncanonical nf-b activation induced by epstein-barr virus-derived latent membrane protein 1
The signal-transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP-2) is a recently identified adaptor protein that contains a pleckstrin homology (PH) and Src homology 2 (SH2)-like domains, as well as a proline-rich domain in its C-terminal region. In previous studies, we demonstrated that STAP-2 binds to MyD88 and IKK- or IKK-β and modulates NF-B signaling in macrophages. In the present study, we found that ...
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Biological responses in low-dose range
Out of the wealth of biological responses a few have been selected for discussion, namely, those which point to sensitive cellular reactions with possible consequences, or, those which might be promising in occupational medicine as indicators of a possible burden to persons, radiological or nuclear workers, and which might be used in the future as a routine laboratory technique in assessment of ...
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Modulation of anti-tumour functions of NK cells and macrophages after single low-level exposures of mice to X-rays
Based on the reports suggesting that exposures to low doses of ionising radiation may impede tumour development and/or trigger the activity of natural anti-neoplastic defence mechanisms we demonstrate in the present study that single whole-body irradiations of mice with 0.1 or 0.2 Gy X-rays significantly decreased the number of the induced tumour colonies in the lungs and that the effect was ...
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The putative α-1,2-mannosyltransferase AfMnt1 of the opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus is required for cell wall stability and full virulence
Proteins entering the eukaryotic secretory pathway commonly are glycosylated. Important steps in this posttranslational modification are carried out by mannosyltransferases. In this study, we investigated the putative {alpha}-1,2-mannosyltransferase AfMnt1 of the human pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus. AfMnt1 belongs to a family of enzymes that comprises nine members in Saccharomyces ...
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Relb modulation of ib stability as a mechanism of transcription suppression of interleukin-1 (il-1), il-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in fibroblasts
Members of the NF-B/RelB family of transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. RelB, a member of this family, has been characterized as a transcription activator and is involved in the constitutive NF-B activity in lymphoid tissues. However, in a previous study we observed an overexpression of chemokines in RelB-deficient fibroblasts. Here we ...
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Anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory action of iodine-lithium-α-dextrin is accompanied by the improved quality of life in AIDS patients
Clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of various doses of Iodine-Lithium-α-Dextrin (ILαD) monotherapy have been evaluated in 56 HIV-infected patients enrolled in double blind uncontrolled randomised study during 48 weeks follow-up period. ILαD was administered intravenously three times over five days with intervals of 23 weeks between treatments for a total of 12 infusions in 4 cycles. HIV-1 ...
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RelB Modulation of Ikappa Balpha Stability as a Mechanism of Transcription Suppression of Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha ), IL-1beta , and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Fibroblasts
Members of the NF-B/RelB family of transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. RelB, a member of this family, has been characterized as a transcription activator and is involved in the constitutive NF-B activity in lymphoid tissues. However, in a previous study we observed an overexpression of chemokines in RelB-deficient fibroblasts. Here we ...
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The monocyte dysfunction induced by acute tetramine poisoning and corrected by continuous blood purification
The monocyte function of patients with severe tetramine poisoning and the effects of sequential hemoperfusion (HP) and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) on the immune status of the patients were investigated. Eleven patients with severe acute tetramine poisoning were treated with sequential HP and CVVH. The APACHE II score and Glasgow score were used to evaluate the disease status ...
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Bioaccesible heavy metals‐sediment particles from Reconquista River induce lung inflammation in mice
The Reconquista River (RR), one of the most polluted watercourses in Argentina, receives effluent discharges from heavily industrialized and highly populated settlements. During winter and summer, the floodplain remains dry, producing the oxidation of sulfide and organic matter present in the sediment, making heavy metals more bio‐accessible. Dispersion of this sediment occurs, and thus harmful ...
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Suppressive effect on activation of macrophages by lactobacillus casei strain shirota genes determining the synthesis of cell wall-associated polysaccharides
Although many Lactobacillus strains used as probiotics are believed to modulate host immune responses, the molecular natures of the components of such probiotic microorganisms directly involved in immune modulation process are largely unknown. We aimed to assess the function of polysaccharide moiety of the cell wall of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota as a possible immune modulator which ...
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What Are the Cytokines?
Cytokines are a class of small molecule proteins secreted by cells that mediate and regulate immune processes, and they act in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine manner. More than 200 types of human cytokines have been identified, which can be generally classified into interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors, chemokines, growth factors, etc. according to ...
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Cytokines in CAR-T Cell Therapy
What is CAR T-cell therapy? Car-t cell therapy involves genetically engineering T cells isolated from patients or allogeneic donors to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that specifically recognize and kill tumor cells. As a "living" drug, CAR-T therapy is very different from traditional drugs. It is a new type of precision targeted therapy for the treatment of tumors. Compared with ...
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The Crucial Role of Cytokines in Biomedical Research and Drug Development
Low Endotoxin Cytokines Matters Organoid culture, CAR-T cell therapy, stem cell therapy, and other topics have become broadly discussed among biomedical researchers. In fact, it is not difficult to see that these advanced technologies are all related to cell culture. In order to maintain efficient growth, proliferation, and differentiation during in vitro cell culture, many cell cultures require ...
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A Novel, High-Throughput Platform to Characterize Novel IBD Therapeutics
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-a) is a potent cytokine that is over-expressed by cells during chronic intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, TNF-a represents the most validated clinical target for ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) with multiple emerging neutralizing/inflammation-reducing therapeutics targeting this cytokine for inactivation. TNF-a activation of ...
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Cytokines: The Master Regulators of Immunity and Inflammation
Cytokines are a broad class of tiny proteins that are essential for controlling inflammation and immunological responses. Numerous cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immunological cells, and epithelial cells, produce these signaling molecules. Serving as intermediaries, they synchronize various cell functions to elicit the body's defense mechanisms against infections, tissue ...
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Cytokine Storms and Viral Infections
Cytokines are small soluble proteins that are secreted by immune cells and tissue cells to play a regulatory role between cells, including interferon (IFN), interleukin (IL), chemokines, colony-stimulating factors (CSF), tumor necrosis factors (TNF) and so on. Cytokines function in autocrine, paracrine or endocrine forms, and can regulate cell growth and differentiation, modulate immune response ...
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Characteristics and Applications of Luminex Multiplex Technology
Luminex multiplex assays is a multi-functional, multi-indicator parallel analysis system that organically integrates color-coded beads, laser technology, applied fluidics, the latest high-speed digital signal processor and computer algorithms to create a high degree of specificity and sensitivity for multi-factor detection. It can be widely used in immunoassay, nucleic acid research, enzymatic ...
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Cytokines: Characteristics, Applications, and Quantitative Analysis
Cytokines represent a class of small protein molecules that exhibit diverse biological activities. These molecules are synthesized and secreted primarily by immune cells (including monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and NK cells) as well as certain non-immune cells (such as endothelial cells, epidermal cells, and fibroblasts) upon specific stimulation. Cytokines play pivotal roles in ...
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Inflammatory Cytokines Profile
Cytokines are classified according to their different roles in the inflammatory response: pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-1 (IL-1) IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that activates a variety of immune and inflammatory cells and is secreted mainly by monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils and endothelial cells. IL-1 consists of two ...
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Autoimmune Diseases Targets
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a multifunctional cytokine that acts on various cell types, including dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells, affecting their maturation, survival, and recruitment. It is well-known for its role in promoting type 2 immune responses, such as allergic diseases. In 2021, a monoclonal antibody targeting ...
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