Endocrinology Articles
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Classification of Excipients for Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Transdermal drug delivery system is a type of drug formulation that is absorbed into the body circulation through capillaries at a certain rate through the skin to produce drug effects. Transdermal drug delivery systems allow the drug to continuously diffuse through the skin, penetrate and absorb into the blood circulation, maintain stable blood concentrations for a long time, reduce the ...
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Food Nutrition Enhancers
Food nutrition enhancer, also called food nutritional fortifier, refers to natural or synthetic nutrients added to food in order to increase its nutritional content. It can not only supplements people's daily nutritional intake, but also has a positive effect on disease prevention and control. The food nutrition enhancers can be divided into four main categories as following. Vitamins Vitamins ...
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How to Apply In Vitro DMPK Services to Support Drug Development and ADMET Study
Drug development is a complex and multifaceted process that involves extensive research and testing to ensure safety, efficacy and quality for human use. One critical element in the drug development process is drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), which refers to how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) from the body. In vitro DMPK services, along with ...
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The Science Behind Dietary Supplements: Exploring Efficacy and Safety of Popular Ingredients
Dietary supplements have become increasingly popular in recent years as individuals seek to optimize their health and well-being. When it comes to popular dietary supplement ingredients, several categories stand out, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, botanicals, and more. Each of these components plays a crucial role in supporting various physiological functions in the human ...
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Carbohydrate Synthesis: Understanding the Building Blocks of Life
Carbohydrates are one of the essential macromolecules that play a crucial role in the functioning of living organisms. They serve as a primary source of energy and are involved in various biological processes. The synthesis of carbohydrates is a complex and fascinating process that occurs in living organisms, allowing them to produce and utilize these vital molecules. In this blog post, we will ...
By CD BioGlyco.
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Mechanism of Action of Paclitaxel
Paclitaxel is a natural anticancer drug with the molecular formula C47H51NO14. It has been widely used in the clinical treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and certain head and neck cancers, as well as lung cancer. Its novel and complex chemical structure, extensive and significant biological activity, unique mechanism of action, and scarce natural resources have gained immense favor among ...
By BOC Sciences
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Fermented Raw Material for Cosmetic Skincare Product
The cosmetics and skincare industry is constantly evolving and a recent trend that has emerged is the use of fermented ingredients in skincare products. Fermentation is a microbial metabolic process that has been used for centuries in food and beverage production, and now it has been extended to the cosmetic industry.What are Fermented Raw Materials?Fermented raw materials are natural ingredients ...
By BOC Sciences
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Hypoglycemic Functional Factors in Natural Products and Their Mechanisms of Action
Diabetes is a common clinical disease, and with the improvement of living standards, an increase in the number of obese people, and the intensification of aging populations, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year. Diabetes has various types and requires long-term treatment. Antidiabetic drugs are essential for people with the disease. These drugs can be classified into insulin ...
By BOC Sciences
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Pooled Human Cryopreserved Hepatocytes
Hepatocytes are the chief functional cells of the liver, responsible for the selective uptake, metabolism and excretion of most drugs. Cells for use in plate cultures or suspension assays represent a key tool for predicting properties such as hepatotoxicity, metabolism, and potential drug-drug interactions. Since these cells mimic the properties of the liver, researchers can evaluate the ...
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An Overview of Isotopes
What are Isotopes? Isotopes are different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons called isotopes of each other, which can also be interpreted as different nuclides of the same element called isotopes of each other. An isotope is one of two or more atoms of the same chemical element with the same atomic number, occupying the same position on the ...
By BOC Sciences
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Overview of Microbial Epigenetics
Introduction to Microbial Epigenetics Epigenetics has been defined as the study of stable alterations in gene expression potentials that arise during development and cell proliferation, or alterations in DNA function without alterations in DNA sequence. Modern epigenetic features refer to the alteration of DNA and/or associated proteins without nucleotide sequence variance, which transmits the ...
By CD Genomics
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Bile Acid: A Comprehensive Exploration of Function and Metabolism
In the realm of biological sciences, bile acids stand as pivotal molecules, playing a multifaceted role in various physiological processes within organisms. Bile acids are specialized molecules synthesized from cholesterol within the liver. These amphipathic compounds possess a hydrophilic region (carboxylic acid moiety) and a hydrophobic region (steroid backbone). Their distinctive structure ...
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The Beginner's Guide to Exosome RNA-Seq
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain RNA, proteins, and lipids. These vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. Exosome RNA-Seq is a powerful technique that can be used to study the RNA content of exosomes and gain insight into their function and regulation. In this guide, we will ...
By CD Genomics
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What Is Metabolomics?
Metabolism is the assembly of biochemical reactions in living organisms, the material basis for life maintenance of living organisms, and an important basis for the study of life activities. Metabolomics studies the endogenous metabolic activities of life under the influence of the internal and external environments, including the detection and analysis of metabolite types and quantities and ...
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Unveiling the Dynamics of Industrial Enzyme Production
The role that industrial enzymes play in facilitating various processes in industries ranging from food and beverages to detergents, textiles, and biofuels is crucial yet often understated. These bio-catalysts are responsible for accelerating chemical reactions, making industrial processes more efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. Despite their critical importance, the complexity around ...
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A Closer Look at Metabolic Disease Models and Diabetes Models
Diabetes, specifically Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, remains one of the most commonly encountered metabolic diseases worldwide. The complexity and diversity of these conditions necessitate the development of detailed medical models for a comprehensive understanding of the diseases. Over time, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Models, Metabolic Disease Models, and generalized Diabetes ...
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How to Apply In Vitro DMPK Services to Support Drug Development and ADMET Study
Drug development is a complex and multifaceted process that involves extensive research and testing to ensure safety, efficacy and quality for human use. One critical element in the drug development process is drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), which refers to how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) from the body. In vitro DMPK services, along with ...
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Bispecific Antibodies and Bispecific Antibody ADCs
With the rapid development of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), more and more companies have entered the field of ADC research and development, and various types of ADC technologies and branches have emerged. Bispecific antibody conjugates (BsAb ADCs) are one of the emerging new technologies. The high specificity of bispecific antibodies enables more precise targeting of tumor cells. On the other ...
By BOC Sciences
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Mechanisms to Combat Drug Resistance: Overview of Antimicrobial Peptides
What are Antimicrobial Peptides? Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptide molecules found in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. These peptides play a crucial role in the innate immune system's defense against microbial infections, exhibiting antimicrobial properties that can inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even ...
By BOC Sciences
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AMPK Signaling Pathway and Function
AMPK (Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase), as an important kinase regulating energy homeostasis, is one of the central regulators of eukaryotic cell and organism metabolism. It is responsible for regulating cellular capacity input and output and maintaining the smooth functioning of cellular physiological activities. AMPK is also a key protein involved in various signaling ...
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